This APA style guide has been designed for LMU Business students who are writing in the Behavioral and Social Sciences. A variety of reference examples by type are listed below to assist you with citing your sources. Start your reference list on a new page. The word References should appear in upper-case and lowercase letters, centered at the top of your paper. Double-space all reference entries. Your references should be in a hanging indent format, meaning that the first line of each reference is set flush left and subsequent lines are indented. Don’t forget to alphabetize you reference list. The reference list provides the necessary information for your readers to locate and retrieve any source you cited in your paper.
Remember: Each entry included in the reference list must be cited in your work. It is suggested that you consult with your instructor for the style preferred by your course. Be consistent and don’t mix styles. Inquire at the Help Desk with one of the librarians for style manuals available at LMU.
I. Entire book, print version & eBook version
Citation Formula:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of work (edition). Location: Publisher
Reference Example:
Weir, A. (2014). The Martian: A novel (First edition.). New York: Crowblishers.
I. YouTube Video
Citation Formula:
Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx
Reference Example:
Apsolon, M. [markapsolon]. (2011, September 9). The haunting tape 14 (ghost caught on video) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbxD848
I. WWW Web site
Citation Formula:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL
Reference Example:
Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects of Facebook on communication. Social Media Today RSS. Retrieved from http://socialmediatoday.com
Note: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an alphanumeric string of characters used to identify a book, journal article, website, video clip, picture, or other item of intellectual property, typically in digital format. The notation “pp-pp.” refers to the page range of a resource such as an article.
I. Journal article with DOI
Citation Formula: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume # (issue #), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Reference Example:
Haibin, L., & Shanshi, L. (2014). Effect of situational leadership and employee readiness match on organizational citizenship behavior in china. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 42(10), 1725-1732. doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.10.1725
II. Journal article without DOI
Citation Formula: Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume # (issue #), pp-pp.
Reference Example:
Richards, E. P., Shimabukuro, M. L., Combs, S., & Kreuter, M. W. (2004). Innovative legal tools to prevent obesity. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 32(4), 59-61.
I. Mergent Online Database
Citation Formula:
Name of Database (Year). Article title. Retrieved Month day year, from Name of LMU Database
Reference Example:
Mergent, Inc. (2021). Google Inc. data report. Retrieved Nov. 2, 2021, from Mergent Online database.